Biomedical research is among the main keys to progress and well being in modern societies, and the profession of biomedical researcher is among the most intellectually exciting.
Nonetheless, in the last decades pursuing a career as researcher in biomedicine has become more and more difficult, mainly due to increased competition and decreased funding. Pressure of severe competition for funds and to obtain and secure a staff position in academic institutions are among the major factors leading researchers to breach their professional integrity by adopting questionable research practices and ultimately committing scientific misconduct.
The PhD program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities aims at addressing the unmet needs of young scientists by providing a comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental principles, methodologies and practices of preclinical and clinical research.
According to ENAI, "academic integrity" means "compliance with ethical and professional principles, standards and practices by individuals or institutions in education, research and scholarship" (1). Research integrity may be defined as active adherence to the ethical principles (honesty, trustworthiness, and high regard for the scientific record)  and professional standards essential for the responsible practice of research (2).
Scientific misconduct results in harm to individuals and society, e.g. due to the development of ineffective and/or unsafe drugs or other therapeutics or just wasting money and resources in misconducted research activities, direct damage to science itself, by creating false leads for other scientists to follow, and/or forcing others to waste time, effort and money to reproduce fraudulent results, degradation of relations among scientists, between senior researchers and students, and between researchers and agency programme managers, damage to science through the undermining of the public’s trust in science (3).
Lack of knowledge/preparation about the realities and stresses of a scientific career as well as lack of awareness of the rules and standards of proper scientific conduct are among the main factors leading young researchers to scientific misconduct and career failure (3).
As a whole, this PhD program is thus addressed to young researchers planning to pursue their career into science and research, who would like to benefit from a thorough knowledge of the principles and methodologies underlying high quality research.
This PhD program is also part of an integrated project aimed at training “Physician-scientists”, defined as those with MD degrees who devote a substantial part of their professional effort to biomedical research, ranging from basic science, through translational and patient-oriented research, to advance medical sciences from the bench to the bedside and maintain rigorously high academic standards in basic and clinical research.